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The interaction came shortly after Trump grabbed headlines with a surprise claim that he had put together a framework for a future agreement involving Greenland, the Danish-owned territory he has repeatedly argued should come under US control.
In the wide-ranging conversation, Trump touched on geopolitics, monetary policy, consumer finance and housing affordability.
On Greenland, Trump said he had reached what he described as a "concept of a deal" after meeting NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte.
He added that the arrangement would be beneficial for both sides and would involve cooperation on Arctic security, mineral rights and participation in the so-called Golden Dome initiative.
Trump also said tariffs announced last week on European countries opposing a US takeover of Greenland would not be implemented. According to him, the framework he has in mind is not temporary but meant to last indefinitely.
Trump also hinted that a decision on the next chair of the Federal Reserve may already be close.
While he refused to name a candidate, he suggested the shortlist has narrowed sharply and that, in his mind, there may effectively be just one choice left.
Jerome Powell's term as Fed chair ends in May, and Trump dismissed concerns raised by Republican Senator Thom Tillis, who has threatened to block any nomination until a Justice Department probe into the Fed's headquarters renovation is resolved.
On consumer issues, Trump strongly backed his proposal to cap credit card interest rates at 10% for a year. He acknowledged that the idea resembles proposals floated by politicians on the left, but said he supports it wholeheartedly.
Trump argued that interest rates nearing 28% are punitive and drive many Americans into bankruptcy. He claimed even Senator Elizabeth Warren, a long-time critic, reacted positively when he discussed the proposal with her, though major bankers such as JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon have warned the cap could have serious consequences.
Turning to foreign policy, Trump said he hopes further US military action against Iran can be avoided, even as protests continue within the country.
While he stopped short of ruling out future strikes, he reiterated that Iran must abandon its nuclear ambitions. The US had already carried out strikes in June targeting Iran's nuclear-related sites, and Trump said the situation remains under close watch.
Housing affordability was another key theme. Trump expanded on his plan to prevent large institutional investors from buying up single-family homes, arguing that Wall Street firms purchasing thousands of properties have made it harder for ordinary Americans to own homes.
He said the administration wants to tilt the balance back toward individual buyers, a stance that has also found support among some Democrats pushing similar legislation.
