Toxic Chemicals Found in Hair Extensions: Cancer-Causing Risks Revealed

Hair extensions have long been a beauty staple, from red carpets to everyday glamour. However, a new study is raising serious health concerns. Scientists have found toxic chemicals in popular hair extensions, including substances linked to cancer, hormone disruption, and respiratory problems - marking the most comprehensive look to date at this largely unregulated industry. The study, published in the journal Environment and Health, highlights a significant public health gap. While hair extensions are a multi-billion-dollar global market, there is very little oversight of what goes into the fibers. With millions of people across the world wearing synthetic braids, weaves, and clip-ins, experts warn it’s time to look beyond style - and start

asking what is actually touching your scalp.

What are the toxic chemicals found in hair extensions?

According to the scientists at the Silent Spring Institute in Newton, Massachusetts, recent laboratory analyses of synthetic hair products detected several hazardous chemicals, including:

• Benzene – a known carcinogen linked to leukemia
• Formaldehyde – associated with respiratory irritation and certain cancers
• Phthalates – hormone-disrupting chemicals tied to fertility issues
• Lead and other heavy metals
• Volatile organic compounds

Most of these substances are sometimes used during manufacturing to preserve texture, enhance shine, or prevent mold growth during storage and shipping. However, prolonged exposure - especially close to the scalp- may pose severe health risks.

How do hair extensions affect your health?

According to Elissa Franklin, the lead author of the study and a research scientist, since the scalp is highly absorbent, chemicals can enter through skin contact, especially when it can be dangerous.

• Extensions are worn tightly for weeks
• Heat is applied, which releases fumes from synthetic fibers
• Sweat increases chemical absorption
• Adhesives and bonding glues are used

Heating synthetic hair during styling releases toxic fumes, which can irritate your lungs and eyes. Over time, repeated exposure could increase the risk of respiratory issues and possibly long-term complications. “This is an industry that has long overlooked the health of Black women, who should not have to choose between cultural expression, convenience, and their health,” Franklin said in a news release.Also read: Long COVID-19 Linked to Alzheimer ’s-Like Brain Changes, New Study Warns of Cognitive Decline Risk

What are the cancer-causing risks of hair extensions?

Even though scientists call for more long-term human studies on the issue, it was highlighted that benzene and formaldehyde exposure have been strongly linked to cancer in occupational settings. The concern is not that one use of hair extensions causes cancer. Instead, it’s the cumulative exposure, especially for:

• Professional hairstylists
• Individuals who wear synthetic extensions year-round
• Communities where braided synthetic styles are culturally common

Some public health experts have also noted potential links between chronic chemical exposure and hormone-related cancers, due to endocrine-disrupting chemicals like phthalates. “These findings make clear that stronger oversight is urgently needed to protect consumers and push companies to invest in making safer products,” Franklin said.

How can you reduce your risk?

Experts believe you do not necessarily need to ditch extensions entirely, but can reduce potential harm:

• Wash synthetic hair before installation
• Avoid applying high heat to synthetic fibers
• Take regular breaks between installations
• Choose human hair or certified non-toxic brands
• Ensure proper ventilation when styling
• Limit tight, long-term protective styles

If you experience scalp irritation, headaches, or breathing discomfort while wearing extensions, it is best to always consult a healthcare professional.