Delhi Imposes GRAP 4 As Air Turns Hazardous: What’s Allowed And What’s Banned

Delhi has activated GRAP 4, the highest stage of the Graded Response Action Plan, after pollution levels shot into the ‘severe+’ category. This is the stage reserved for emergencies—when the air is so

toxic that routine activities begin posing real health risks. While the measures might seem restrictive, they are specifically put in place to bring down excess smoke and pollution caused by emissions quickly and also protect vulnerable groups, especially children, the elderly and people who suffer from pre-existing respiratory or heart diseases.

What GRAP 4 Means for Public Health

GRAP 4 is triggered when PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations rise to levels that can irritate the respiratory tract within minutes of exposure. These microscopic particles slip deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream. During such episodes, doctors report a sharp increase in breathing distress, asthma flare-ups, burning eyes, fatigue, and chest tightness. Those with existing lung conditions often find themselves unable to step outdoors at all.At this stage, experts stress that the priority is minimizing exposure. Even shorter commutes, time spent near traffic signals, school runs, etc. can also worsen symptoms in vulnerable individuals. GRAP 4 aims to reduce emissions from vehicles, construction, industrial activity, and dust—four of Delhi’s major pollution contributors.

What’s Banned Under GRAP 4

Under GRAP 4, several high-emission activities come to a complete halt. Construction and demolition work, except for essential public projects, is banned. Factories or units that run on heavily polluting fuels are suspended to reduce industrial emissions during the emergency period. Entry of diesel-heavy commercial vehicles, especially non-Delhi registered trucks below BS-VI, is also stopped. Brick kilns, stone crushers, hot mix plants, and similar dust-generating operations remain shut.These restrictions are meant to create an immediate drop in particulate matter, particularly PM2.5, which is linked with severe respiratory and cardiovascular stress.

What Remains Allowed

Essential services continue uninterrupted—hospitals, pharmacies, public transport, and emergency operations are exempt. Schools may decide on closures or hybrid classes depending on severity, but buses running on CNG or electric modes are generally permitted. Additionally, public transport is also encouraged to reduce the excessive load on private vehicles, and authorities often increase metro and bus frequencies during GRAP 4. However, residents are also strongly advised to stay indoors during peak pollution hours, use masks and air purifiers and also avoid any strenuous activity outdoors. GRAP 4 is a public health shield that is temporary and strict but essential. Until we see the air quality's return to normalcy, these measures serve as Delhi's best defence to prevent a deeper health crisis.