John W. Geary was a prominent figure in 19th-century American politics and military history. Born in Pennsylvania, Geary's career spanned various roles, including lawyer, politician, and Union general during the Civil War. He was the first mayor of San Francisco, the third Territorial Governor of Kansas, and the 16th Governor of Pennsylvania. His life was marked by significant contributions to the political landscape of the United States during a time
of great change and conflict.
Early Life and Education
John White Geary was born on December 30, 1819, in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. He was the son of Richard Geary, an ironmaster and schoolmaster of Scotch-Irish descent, and Margaret White, a native of Maryland. Geary's early education took place at Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, where he studied civil engineering and law. However, he had to leave college before graduating due to the death of his father, which left him with the responsibility of settling his father's debts.
Despite these challenges, Geary managed to return to college and graduated in 1841. He worked as a construction engineer for the Allegheny Portage Railroad and later married Margaret Ann Logan in 1843. The couple had several sons before Margaret's death in 1853. Geary remarried in 1858 to Mary Church Henderson.
Military Service and Early Political Career
Geary's military career began during the Mexican-American War, where he served as a lieutenant colonel in the 2nd Pennsylvania Infantry. He distinguished himself at the Battle of Chapultepec, where he was wounded five times, earning him the rank of colonel. His military prowess and leadership skills were evident, and he returned home as a war hero.
In 1849, Geary moved to California, where he was appointed postmaster of San Francisco by President James K. Polk. He was elected the city's alcalde and later became the first mayor of San Francisco. His tenure as mayor was marked by his efforts to establish order and governance in the rapidly growing city. Geary also participated in the State Constitutional Convention at Monterey in 1849.
Governorships and Civil War Service
Geary's political career continued as he was appointed the Territorial Governor of Kansas in 1856 by President Franklin Pierce. His tenure was during the tumultuous period known as "Bleeding Kansas," where he attempted to mediate between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions. Despite his efforts, Geary faced significant opposition and eventually resigned in 1857.
During the Civil War, Geary raised the 147th and 28th Pennsylvania Infantry regiments and served as a colonel. He was promoted to brigadier general and played a crucial role in several battles, including the Battle of Gettysburg and the Battle of Lookout Mountain. Geary's leadership was instrumental in the Union's military efforts, and he was breveted to major general.
Governor of Pennsylvania and Legacy
After the Civil War, Geary was elected Governor of Pennsylvania, serving from 1867 to 1873. As governor, he was known for his political independence and efforts to limit the influence of railroads and special interest groups. Geary's administration was marked by his commitment to reform and governance.
John W. Geary passed away on February 8, 1873, shortly after leaving office. His legacy is remembered through various dedications, including Geary County in Kansas and Geary Boulevard in San Francisco. Geary's contributions to American politics and military history remain significant, reflecting his dedication to public service and leadership during a pivotal era in the nation's history.
