Tennis, a sport now enjoyed by millions across the United States, has a rich history that dates back to the late 19th century. The introduction of tennis to America is often attributed to Mary Ewing Outerbridge, who brought the game from Bermuda. Her efforts laid the foundation for the sport's growth and the eventual establishment of the U.S. Tennis Association.
The Introduction of Tennis
The modern game of lawn tennis was first commercialized in England in 1874 by Major Walter
Clopton Wingfield. During this time, Mary Ewing Outerbridge was visiting Bermuda, where she was introduced to the game by a British Army officer. Enthralled by the sport, Mary returned to the United States with tennis equipment, including rackets and a net.
Upon her arrival, the equipment was confiscated by customs officials, but her brother August Outerbridge intervened to have it released. Mary then set up the first tennis court in the United States at the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club. This marked the beginning of tennis in America, with Mary playing the first recorded game against her sister Laura.
Growth and Standardization
The popularity of tennis grew rapidly, leading to the establishment of various tennis clubs across the country. However, the lack of standardized rules led to confusion among players and clubs. Disputes over court dimensions, net size, racket weight, and ball size were common.
In response to these challenges, Mary's brother Eugenius Harvey Outerbridge supported the formation of the U.S. Tennis Association (USTA) in 1881. The USTA aimed to create uniform regulations for the sport, ensuring consistency and fairness in competitions. This move was crucial in organizing tennis activities and promoting the sport nationwide.
Legacy and Impact
Mary Outerbridge's role in introducing tennis to the United States was significant, although not immediately recognized. Competing claims existed regarding the sport's introduction, but her impact on popularizing tennis, especially among women, was undeniable. Her efforts contributed to the inclusion of a Women's National Singles Championship in the U.S. Open since 1887.
Mary's legacy was honored with her induction into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1981 and the Staten Island Sports Hall of Fame in 1999. Her story was further highlighted in 2018 by The New York Times as part of their Overlooked project, recognizing her contributions to the sport.
Today, tennis continues to thrive in the United States, with the USTA playing a pivotal role in organizing competitions and promoting the sport. The journey from Mary Outerbridge's introduction of tennis to the establishment of the USTA reflects the sport's evolution and enduring popularity.
