Lucky Luciano, born Salvatore Lucania, is often hailed as the father of modern organized crime in America. His journey from a young immigrant to a powerful Mafia boss is a tale of ambition, cunning, and
eventual downfall. This article traces Luciano's rise to power, his influence on the Mafia, and the events that led to his deportation.
Early Life and Entry into Organized Crime
Luciano was born in Sicily in 1897 and immigrated to the United States with his family in 1906. Settling in New York City's Lower East Side, Luciano quickly became involved in street gangs, honing his skills in gambling and extortion. By his teenage years, he had joined the notorious Five Points Gang, where he met future Mafia leaders like Frank Costello and Vito Genovese.
Luciano's criminal career took off during Prohibition, as he capitalized on the demand for illegal alcohol. He worked closely with Arnold Rothstein, a gambler who taught him the business side of bootlegging. Luciano's operations expanded rapidly, and he soon became a key figure in the New York underworld, known for his strategic alliances and ruthless tactics.
The Formation of the Commission
In the early 1930s, Luciano orchestrated a series of power moves that reshaped the Mafia. He eliminated rival bosses Joe Masseria and Salvatore Maranzano, paving the way for the creation of the Commission, a governing body designed to maintain order among the Mafia families. This innovative structure allowed for cooperation and profit-sharing, reducing the likelihood of violent conflicts.
Luciano's leadership and vision transformed the Mafia into a national syndicate, with influence extending beyond New York. He established himself as a central figure in organized crime, overseeing lucrative rackets in gambling, extortion, and drug trafficking. His ability to navigate the complex web of Mafia politics solidified his status as a kingpin.
Downfall and Deportation
Despite his success, Luciano's reign was not without challenges. In 1936, he was convicted of compulsory prostitution, a charge that many believe was exaggerated. Sentenced to 30 to 50 years in prison, Luciano continued to manage his crime family from behind bars, relying on trusted associates to carry out his orders.
During World War II, Luciano struck a deal with the U.S. government, offering assistance in exchange for a commutation of his sentence. In 1946, his sentence was commuted, but he was deported to Italy, marking the end of his direct involvement in American organized crime. Luciano spent the remainder of his life in Italy, where he continued to influence the Mafia until his death in 1962.
Lucky Luciano's rise and fall is a testament to his impact on organized crime. His legacy as a pioneering figure in the Mafia endures, shaping the operations and strategies of crime families to this day.
