Chaturanga Dandasana, known as the Four-Limbed Staff pose or Low Plank, is a relatively modern addition to yoga practice. While it is now a fundamental part of many yoga routines, its origins can be traced back to the 20th century. The pose was not part of traditional hatha yoga but emerged as yoga evolved into a form of exercise. Understanding the historical development of Chaturanga Dandasana provides insight into its significance and adaptation
in contemporary yoga.
Origins in Gymnastics
The pose first appeared in the 1896 Vyayama Dipika, a manual of gymnastics, as part of a sequence of danda exercises. This indicates that Chaturanga Dandasana was initially associated with physical fitness rather than spiritual practice. The historian of yoga, Norman Sjoman, suggests that the pose was adopted into yoga as exercise in Mysore by Krishnamacharya, a pivotal figure in the development of modern yoga.
Krishnamacharya's influence on yoga practice was profound, as he integrated elements of physical fitness into traditional yoga. Chaturanga Dandasana became part of his vinyasas, which involved flowing movements between poses. This integration marked a shift in yoga practice, emphasizing physical strength and endurance alongside spiritual growth.
Adoption by Prominent Yoga Teachers
The adoption of Chaturanga Dandasana by Krishnamacharya's pupils, Pattabhi Jois and B. K. S. Iyengar, further solidified its place in modern yoga. Pattabhi Jois incorporated the pose into Ashtanga Yoga, where it became a key component of the Surya Namaskar sequence. This sequence is central to Ashtanga Yoga, highlighting the importance of Chaturanga Dandasana in building strength and facilitating movement between poses.
B. K. S. Iyengar, known for his focus on alignment and precision, also embraced Chaturanga Dandasana. In Iyengar Yoga, the pose is held for a period of time, allowing practitioners to focus on breath control and body awareness. This approach underscores the versatility of Chaturanga Dandasana, as it can be adapted to suit different styles and philosophies of yoga.
Evolution in Modern Yoga
Today, Chaturanga Dandasana is recognized as a foundational pose in many yoga styles. Its evolution from a gymnastics exercise to a staple in yoga practice reflects the dynamic nature of yoga itself. The pose's ability to strengthen the core and upper body, while promoting balance and stability, makes it an essential part of yoga routines.
The historical development of Chaturanga Dandasana illustrates the adaptability of yoga, as it continues to evolve to meet the needs of practitioners. As yoga grows in popularity, Chaturanga Dandasana remains a testament to the integration of physical fitness and spiritual practice, offering benefits that extend beyond the mat.
