Richard Storrs Willis, born in 1819, was a prominent figure in American music, known for his hymn compositions and his work as a music critic. His life was marked by significant contributions to the musical
and cultural landscape of the United States, with his most famous work being the melody "Carol," used for the hymn "It Came Upon the Midnight Clear."
Formative Years and Education
Richard Storrs Willis was born in Boston, Massachusetts, into a family of notable literary figures. His siblings included Nathaniel Parker Willis, a celebrated writer, and Fanny Fern, a popular columnist. Willis's education began at Chauncey Hall and the Boston Latin School, and he later attended Yale College, where he joined the Skull and Bones society in 1841.
Willis's passion for music led him to Germany, where he studied under renowned musicians Xavier Schnyder and Moritz Hauptmann for six years. This period of study abroad was crucial in shaping his musical style and understanding, providing him with a foundation that he would later apply to his compositions and critiques.
Career in Composition and Criticism
Upon returning to America, Willis embarked on a career as a music critic, contributing to several publications, including the New York Tribune, The Albion, and The Musical Times. His editorial work in these journals showcased his deep knowledge of music and his ability to communicate its intricacies to a wider audience.
Willis was also involved with the New-York American-Music Association, an organization dedicated to promoting American composers. His review of the association's concert in 1856, which he described as a "creditable affair," highlights his support for native and naturalized American musicians.
In addition to his critical work, Willis founded his own journal, Once a Month: A Paper of Society, Belles-Lettres and Art, in 1862. This publication allowed him to explore various cultural topics, further establishing his influence in the American music scene.
Legacy and Influence
Richard Storrs Willis passed away on May 7, 1900, leaving behind a legacy of musical compositions and critical writings. His works, such as "Church Chorals and Choir Studies" and "Waif of Song," continue to be appreciated for their melodic beauty and spiritual depth.
Willis's influence extends beyond his compositions; his work as a critic and editor helped shape the American music landscape. By promoting the works of American composers and engaging with cultural discussions through his journal, Willis contributed to the development of a distinct American musical identity.
Today, Richard Storrs Willis is remembered not only for his iconic melody "Carol" but also for his broader contributions to music criticism and cultural discourse. His legacy endures in the hymns sung in churches across the United States, a testament to his lasting impact on American music.
