The Planetary Health Diet (PHD), also known as the EAT-Lancet diet, is a revolutionary approach to nutrition that aims to balance human health with environmental sustainability. Developed by the EAT-Lancet Commission, the diet is designed to be adaptable to diverse cultures and capable of supporting a global population of up to 10 billion people. By focusing on plant-based foods and reducing the consumption of red meat and processed foods, the PHD seeks
to prevent chronic diseases while minimizing the environmental impact of food production.
The Composition of the Planetary Health Diet
The PHD is primarily a flexitarian diet, emphasizing plant-based foods such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and unsaturated oils. It allows for moderate consumption of fish, shellfish, poultry, dairy, and eggs, while red meat is included only in small quantities. The diet minimizes processed meat, highly processed foods, added sugars, refined grains, and starchy vegetables. This composition is intended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain cancers, which are associated with high consumption of red meat and sugar.
The diet calls for a significant increase in the global consumption of nuts, fruits, vegetables, and legumes, while advocating for a more than 50% reduction in unhealthy foods. This shift not only supports human health but also aims to reduce the environmental footprint of food production, which is responsible for a substantial portion of greenhouse gas emissions and freshwater use.
Health Benefits and Global Impact
The EAT-Lancet report estimates that universal adoption of the PHD could prevent 11 million deaths per year by reducing the incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke, type-2 diabetes, and some cancers. The diet also addresses child stunting, a common issue in low-income countries, by promoting nutrient-rich foods. However, the affordability of the PHD remains a challenge, as it is estimated that 1.58 billion people in low- and middle-income countries cannot afford it.
Despite these challenges, the PHD has been largely well-received by the academic community for its science-based recommendations. It provides a framework for developing food policies that can improve public health and environmental sustainability. The diet's adaptability to different cultures and regions further enhances its potential for global implementation.
Controversies and Cultural Reception
The release of the EAT-Lancet report sparked polarized reactions on social media and in the media. While some praised the diet for its potential to transform the global food system, others criticized it as radical and out of touch with cultural food preferences. Evidence later emerged that a public relations firm had organized a backlash against the PHD, framing it as a culture war issue.
Despite these controversies, several cities have committed to using the PHD to guide municipal food policies. The diet's emphasis on reducing meat consumption and promoting plant-based foods aligns with efforts to combat climate change and improve public health. As discussions continue, the PHD remains a significant step towards a sustainable and healthy future for global nutrition.
