Silk Stockings is a fascinating example of how a successful Broadway musical can transition into a Hollywood film. Originally a 1955 stage musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter, it was adapted into a 1957 film directed by Rouben Mamoulian. This article delves into the journey of Silk Stockings from the stage to the silver screen, highlighting the creative decisions and challenges faced during this transformation.
The Broadway Origins
Silk Stockings began its life
as a Broadway musical, with a book by George S. Kaufman, Leueen MacGrath, and Abe Burrows. The musical was based on the Melchior Lengyel story Ninotchka, which had also inspired a 1939 film. The Broadway production opened in 1955 and ran for 478 performances, a testament to its popularity. The score, composed by Cole Porter, played a significant role in the show's success, with songs like "All of You" becoming hits.
The production was notable for its high costs, which were considered immense for the time. Despite this, the musical managed to recoup its expenses, thanks in part to its engaging score and the performances of its leads, including Hildegard Knef and Don Ameche. The success of the Broadway show set the stage for its adaptation into a film, a common practice for popular musicals of the era.
Transitioning to Film
The transition from stage to screen involved several key changes and decisions. Arthur Freed, a renowned producer, acquired the screen rights to Silk Stockings, making it his first independent film project. He negotiated a 25 percent ownership stake with MGM, which financed the film. Freed's involvement was crucial, as he had a history of successful musical films.
Rouben Mamoulian was chosen to direct the film, marking his return to cinema after a decade-long hiatus. Mamoulian's vision for the film emphasized dance over dialogue, a decision that leveraged the talents of its stars, Fred Astaire and Cyd Charisse. Astaire, initially hesitant to take on the role, was convinced by Mamoulian's ideas and the opportunity to work with Charisse.
Challenges and Innovations
Adapting Silk Stockings for film presented several challenges. The screenplay underwent multiple revisions, with Leonard Gershe ultimately completing it just a month before filming began. The film's choreography was a significant focus, with Astaire collaborating with Hermes Pan to create elaborate dance numbers that would convey the story's emotional depth.
One of the film's notable innovations was the inclusion of "The Ritz Roll and Rock," a new song that parodied the emerging rock and roll genre. This addition was a nod to contemporary musical trends and showcased Astaire's versatility as a performer. The film also marked Astaire's symbolic retirement from movie musicals, as he famously smashed his top hat in the final number.
Silk Stockings' journey from Broadway to Hollywood is a testament to the adaptability and enduring appeal of musical theater. The film, while not as financially successful as its stage counterpart, remains a beloved example of mid-20th-century musical cinema, celebrated for its performances and innovative dance sequences.
