Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Cartoon Studio, often referred to as MGM Cartoons, played a significant role in the Golden Age of American animation. Founded in 1937, the studio was responsible for creating some of the most beloved animated shorts that accompanied MGM feature films. However, despite its initial success, the studio faced challenges that eventually led to its closure in 1957.
The Early Years
The MGM Cartoon Studio was established in March 1937 by Fred Quimby, who
had no prior experience in animation. The studio was formed to replace Harman-Ising Productions, and it initially struggled to find its footing. The first series produced by the studio, The Captain and The Kids, failed to capture audiences, leading to its cancellation after fifteen episodes. Despite this rocky start, MGM Cartoons began to gain traction with the release of The Milky Way in 1940, which became the first non-Disney cartoon to win an Academy Award.
The studio's success was bolstered by the arrival of animators from Warner Bros. and Disney, who were facing union issues. This influx of talent helped MGM Cartoons produce high-quality animated shorts that resonated with audiences. By 1940, the studio had established itself as a formidable player in the animation industry.
The Golden Era
The partnership between William Hanna and Joseph Barbera marked a turning point for MGM Cartoons. Their creation, Tom and Jerry, quickly became the studio's most valuable animated property. The series was a hit at the box office and earned multiple Academy Awards, solidifying MGM Cartoons' reputation for excellence. The studio also benefited from the work of Tex Avery, whose comedic style and innovative approach to animation brought characters like Droopy to life.
During this period, MGM Cartoons produced a steady stream of successful animated shorts, contributing to the studio's prestige. The combination of Hanna-Barbera's storytelling and Avery's humor created a unique blend that captivated audiences worldwide.
Challenges and Closure
Despite its success, MGM Cartoons faced financial challenges in the mid-1950s. Budget cuts led to a decline in the quality of animation, and the studio began reissuing older cartoons to save costs. In 1956, MGM decided to shut down production on new shorts, leading to the studio's closure on May 15, 1957. Hanna and Barbera went on to form their own company, Hanna-Barbera Productions, which became a powerhouse in television animation.
The legacy of MGM Cartoons lives on through its iconic characters and groundbreaking animation. While the studio's closure marked the end of an era, its contributions to the animation industry continue to be celebrated today.
