The 1953 Iranian coup d'état stands as a defining moment in Iran's history, reshaping its political landscape and international relations. On August 19, 1953, Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh was overthrown in a coup orchestrated by the United States and the United Kingdom. The coup was driven by the desire to protect British oil interests after Mosaddegh nationalized the oil industry, challenging Western control.
### Nationalization of Oil Mosaddegh's decision to nationalize Iran's oil industry was a bold move that threatened British economic interests. This act of sovereignty set the stage for the coup, as Western powers sought to regain control.
### Operation Ajax The coup, known as TP-AJAX or Operation Ajax, involved a series of strategic moves, including propaganda campaigns and the mobilization of pro-Shah forces. The CIA and MI6 played key roles in orchestrating the operation, employing tactics to destabilize Mosaddegh's government.
### Overthrow and Aftermath The successful coup on August 19 resulted in Mosaddegh's arrest and trial. He was convicted of treason and sentenced to three years in prison, followed by house arrest. The Shah's authority was solidified, allowing him to rule Iran for the next 26 years.
### Long-Term Impacts The 1953 coup had lasting effects on Iran's political landscape, increasing U.S. influence and setting the stage for future conflicts. It remains a controversial event, with implications for Iran's sovereignty and international relations, marking a turning point in the nation's history.
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