Cheyney University of Pennsylvania holds a significant place in American history as the oldest historically black college and university (HBCU) in the United States. Founded in 1837, it has undergone numerous transformations, reflecting broader societal changes and the evolving needs of its students. This article delves into the university's rich history, highlighting key milestones and developments that have shaped its journey.
The Founding Era
Cheyney University
began as the African Institute, established in 1837 by Richard Humphreys, a Quaker philanthropist. Humphreys was motivated by the struggles faced by free African Americans in a discriminatory society. He bequeathed $10,000, a significant sum at the time, to create a school dedicated to educating people of African descent. The institution was soon renamed the Institute for Colored Youth, focusing on training African American children to become teachers.
In its early years, the Institute provided education in trades and agriculture, reflecting the economic needs of the time. By 1852, the school had opened its first building in Philadelphia, offering a classical education to young African Americans. This included advanced mathematics, sciences, and classical languages, setting a foundation for future growth.
Relocation and Expansion
In 1902, the Institute moved to George Cheyney's farm, located 25 miles west of Philadelphia. This relocation marked a significant expansion, allowing the school to grow and accommodate more students. The name "Cheyney" became associated with the institution, and it underwent several name changes throughout the 20th century, eventually becoming Cheyney University of Pennsylvania in 1983.
The university's move to Cheyney was accompanied by a shift in educational focus. The all-white board eliminated the collegial program and replaced the faculty with instructors who followed Booker T. Washington's doctrine of industrial education. This change reflected broader educational trends and the challenges faced by African American institutions during this period.
Modern Challenges and Achievements
Cheyney University has faced numerous challenges in recent decades, including financial difficulties and accreditation issues. In 1999, a civil rights lawsuit against the state government resulted in a settlement that provided $35 million to the university for construction and academic development. Despite these challenges, Cheyney has continued to offer opportunities to students from Philadelphia's inner city schools.
In recent years, the university has worked to address its financial woes through increased fundraising efforts. In 2019, the Middle States Commission on Higher Education reaffirmed Cheyney's accreditation, recognizing improvements in planning, resources, and institutional development. Today, Cheyney University remains a vital institution, continuing its mission to educate and empower African American students.
