Bakasana, known as the Crane pose, is a balancing yoga posture that has evolved significantly over the centuries. Originating from ancient yoga texts, Bakasana has been adapted and interpreted in various ways by different yoga lineages. This article explores the historical development of Bakasana, tracing its journey from ancient manuscripts to its modern practice in yoga studios worldwide.
Ancient Origins and Textual References
Bakasana can be traced back to ancient yoga texts, with references
found in the 17th-century Hatha Ratnavali. This text lists Bakasana as one of the 84 poses taught by Shiva, indicating its longstanding significance in yoga practice. The pose is also described in the 19th-century Sritattvanidhi, created for a Raja of Mysore, which illustrates both Bakasana and its similar counterpart, Kakasana.
The historical context of Bakasana suggests that it was part of a broader tradition of arm balancing poses in hatha yoga. These poses were not only physical exercises but also spiritual practices aimed at achieving steadiness and concentration. The ancient texts provide a glimpse into the early forms of Bakasana, highlighting its importance in the spiritual and physical realms of yoga.
Modern Interpretations and Variations
In modern yoga, Bakasana has been interpreted and practiced in various ways, often leading to confusion with Kakasana, the Crow pose. While Bakasana traditionally involves straight arms, Kakasana is characterized by bent arms. This distinction is emphasized by yoga teachers like Dharma Mittra, who highlight the differences based on the symbolic representation of the crane and crow.
The modern practice of Bakasana has also seen the introduction of variations such as Parsva Bakasana (Side Crane Pose) and Eka Pada Bakasana (One-Legged Crane Pose). These variations challenge practitioners to explore different aspects of balance and strength, expanding the possibilities of the original pose. The evolution of Bakasana in modern yoga reflects a dynamic interpretation of ancient practices, adapting them to contemporary needs and preferences.
Influence of Key Yoga Figures
The development of Bakasana in modern yoga has been influenced by key figures such as B.K.S. Iyengar and Swami Vishnudevananda. Iyengar's 1966 book, Light on Yoga, describes Bakasana with straight arms, while Vishnudevananda's Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga focuses on Kakasana with bent arms. These influential texts have shaped the understanding and practice of Bakasana, contributing to its popularity in the West.
The teachings of Krishnamacharya, who may have derived asanas from the Vyāyāma Dīpikā exercise manual, also played a role in the evolution of Bakasana. His approach to yoga, combining traditional practices with modern exercise techniques, has left a lasting impact on the way Bakasana is taught and practiced today.
