George Washington's first inauguration as the first president of the United States was a momentous occasion, but it was preceded by a series of significant events that set the stage for this historic moment. Held on April 30, 1789, the inauguration marked the official start of Washington's presidency and the operations of the executive branch under the new U.S. Constitution. This article delves into the journey leading up to this pivotal day, highlighting
the key events and challenges that Washington faced.
The Start of the Presidential Term
The first presidential term officially began on March 4, 1789, as set by the Congress of the Confederation. However, logistical delays meant that the operations of the federal government could not commence immediately. On that day, both the House of Representatives and the Senate convened for the first time but had to adjourn due to a lack of quorum. This delay prevented the counting and certification of the Electoral College votes for president.
It wasn't until April 1 that the House achieved a quorum and began its work, electing Frederick Muhlenberg as its first speaker. The Senate followed suit on April 6, electing John Langdon as its first president pro tempore. On the same day, the House and Senate met in a joint session to count the electoral votes, certifying Washington and John Adams as president and vice president, respectively.
Washington's Journey to New York
Once certified, Washington was officially notified of his election by Charles Thomson, Secretary of the Continental Congress, who delivered the news to him at Mount Vernon on April 14, 1789. Washington responded promptly and set out for New York City two days later, accompanied by David Humphreys and Thomson.
Washington's journey to New York was marked by enthusiastic receptions in various towns, including Alexandria, Georgetown, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. Each stop along the way featured celebrations and warm welcomes, reflecting the public's excitement and support for their new leader. On April 23, Washington left Elizabethtown, New Jersey, and traveled by barge to New York City, where he was greeted by a series of cannon salutes and a large crowd gathered to witness his arrival.
The Inauguration Day
On the morning of April 30, 1789, a crowd gathered around Washington's residence, eager to witness the inauguration. Washington, dressed in a dark brown suit made in America, made his way to Federal Hall, the nation's capital at the time. There, he was formally introduced to the House and Senate before moving to the second-floor balcony.
Chancellor of New York Robert Livingston administered the presidential oath of office, using a Bible from St. John's Lodge No. 1. After taking the oath, Livingston proclaimed, "Long live George Washington, President of the United States!" The crowd responded with cheers and a 13-gun salute. Washington then delivered his inaugural address in the Senate chamber, marking the official start of his presidency and the new era of American governance.
