In 1789, William Hill Brown published what is widely considered the first American novel, "The Power of Sympathy." This groundbreaking work marked a significant moment in American literature, setting the stage for future novelists in the United States. Written in an epistolary format, the novel aimed to teach moral lessons through the struggles of its characters, addressing themes such as seduction and the importance of rational thinking.
The Birth of American Literature
"The Power
of Sympathy" holds a special place in literary history as the first novel to be published in the United States. Before its publication, American literature was heavily influenced by European works, particularly those from Britain. Brown's novel, however, sought to establish a distinctly American voice by setting the story in the United States and addressing issues relevant to American society. This move was a deliberate attempt to lift American literature from the shadow of its European counterparts and create a unique cultural identity.
The novel's publication by Isaiah Thomas in Boston on January 21, 1789, was a significant event. Although it did not sell well initially, its status as the first American novel has cemented its place in literary history. The novel was first published anonymously, and for many years, it was mistakenly attributed to Boston poet Sarah Wentworth Apthorp Morton. It wasn't until 1894 that Brown was correctly identified as the author.
Themes and Moral Lessons
Brown's novel is a sentimental work that uses the epistolary form to explore the dangers of seduction and the consequences of giving in to one's passions. Through the struggles of its characters, the novel advocates for the moral education of women and the use of rational thinking to prevent the negative outcomes of such actions. The story revolves around Thomas Harrington, who falls in love with Harriot Fawcet, only to discover that she is his illegitimate half-sister. This revelation leads to tragedy, as Harriot succumbs to grief and Thomas takes his own life.
The novel's preface claims that it is intended to expose the fatal consequences of seduction and inspire women to develop self-complacency and promote the economy of human life. While some scholars argue that the novel's discussions of seduction and incest overshadow its moral lessons, others believe that it serves as a didactic text for 18th-century readers.
Cultural Impact and Legacy
"The Power of Sympathy" not only marked the beginning of American literature but also reflected the cultural and social issues of its time. The novel's themes of seduction, incest, and moral education resonated with readers, sparking discussions about the role of women in society and the importance of rational thinking. Its publication coincided with a period of nation-building in the United States, and the novel can be seen as an allegorical account of the nation's development.
Despite its initial lack of commercial success, "The Power of Sympathy" has left a lasting legacy in American literature. It paved the way for future American novelists to explore themes relevant to their society and helped establish a distinct American literary tradition. Today, the novel is studied not only for its historical significance but also for its exploration of complex moral and social issues.
