Richard Storrs Willis, an American composer born in 1819, left a lasting impact on hymn music. Known primarily for his composition "Carol," the melody for "It Came Upon the Midnight Clear," Willis's work
continues to resonate in the realm of American hymnody. His career spanned various roles, including music critic and journal editor, showcasing his multifaceted contributions to the musical world.
Early Life and Education
Richard Storrs Willis was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on February 10, 1819. He was part of a notable family, with siblings like Nathaniel Parker Willis, a prominent writer, and Fanny Fern, a well-known columnist. Willis's educational journey began at Chauncey Hall and the Boston Latin School, eventually leading him to Yale College. At Yale, he became a member of the Skull and Bones society in 1841, a testament to his engagement with influential circles.
Willis's passion for music took him to Germany, where he studied under Xavier Schnyder and Moritz Hauptmann for six years. This European education enriched his musical understanding and influenced his compositions, allowing him to bring a unique perspective to American hymn music upon his return.
Career as a Composer and Critic
After returning to America, Willis embarked on a career as a music critic, contributing to publications like the New York Tribune, The Albion, and The Musical Times. His editorial work in these journals demonstrated his deep understanding of music and his ability to articulate its nuances to a broader audience.
Willis's involvement with the New-York American-Music Association further highlighted his commitment to promoting American composers. His review of the organization's concert in 1856, described as a "creditable affair," reflects his supportive stance towards native and naturalized American musicians.
In addition to his critical work, Willis founded his own journal, Once a Month: A Paper of Society, Belles-Lettres and Art, in 1862. This publication allowed him to explore various cultural topics, further cementing his role as a significant figure in the American music scene.
Lasting Impact and Legacy
Richard Storrs Willis passed away on May 7, 1900, leaving behind a rich legacy in hymn music. His compositions, such as "Church Chorals and Choir Studies" and "Waif of Song," continue to be appreciated for their melodic beauty and spiritual depth.
Willis's influence extends beyond his compositions; his work as a critic and editor helped shape the American music landscape. By promoting the works of American composers and engaging with cultural discussions through his journal, Willis contributed to the development of a distinct American musical identity.
Today, Richard Storrs Willis is remembered not only for his iconic melody "Carol" but also for his broader contributions to music criticism and cultural discourse. His legacy endures in the hymns sung in churches across the United States, a testament to his lasting impact on American music.
