Brander Matthews was a significant figure in American academia, particularly in the field of dramatic literature. Born in 1852 in New Orleans, Matthews grew up in New York City and went on to become the first full-time professor of dramatic literature at Columbia University. His contributions to theater studies and his influence on American literature are noteworthy.
Early Life and Education
Brander Matthews was born into a wealthy family, which allowed him to pursue his interests
without the immediate need to work for a living. He attended Columbia College, graduating in 1871, and later Columbia Law School in 1873. Despite his legal education, Matthews showed little interest in practicing law, choosing instead to focus on literature and drama.
His family's financial situation changed when his father went bankrupt, but Matthews was able to maintain a comfortable lifestyle thanks to his mother's wealth. This financial stability enabled him to dedicate himself to his literary pursuits, eventually leading to a prolific career as a writer and academic.
Academic Career and Contributions
Matthews' academic career began in earnest when he joined Columbia University as a professor of literature in 1892. He later became the professor of Dramatic Literature, a position he held until his retirement in 1924. Matthews was known for his engaging lectures and charismatic teaching style, which left a lasting impression on his students.
His influence extended beyond the classroom, as he championed playwrights who were considered bold for their time, such as Henrik Ibsen. Matthews believed that performance was the main art of drama, rather than the literary texts of plays, a perspective that shaped his teaching and writings.
Legacy and Impact
Matthews' legacy is evident in the numerous students he taught who went on to have significant careers in drama and literature. He also created a dramatic museum at Columbia University, which housed costumes, scripts, and other stage memorabilia, further cementing his impact on theater studies.
Despite his conservative views, particularly regarding women in drama, Matthews' contributions to the field were recognized internationally. In 1907, he was decorated with the Legion of Honor by the French government for his services in promoting French drama. His name lives on at Columbia University through an English professorship dedicated to him, ensuring that his influence continues to be felt in the academic world.
