The Smithsonian Institution Building, commonly known as the Smithsonian Castle, is a landmark on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Its history is rich with events that have shaped its role and significance over the years. From its inception in the mid-19th century to its ongoing renovations in the 21st century, the Castle has been a central figure in the Smithsonian Institution's story. This article outlines the key milestones in the history of
this iconic building.
The 19th Century: Foundation and Construction
The journey of the Smithsonian Castle began in 1846 when a nationwide design competition was held to select an architect for the new building. James Renwick Jr. emerged as the winner with his Romanesque Revival design. Construction commenced in 1847 under the supervision of general contractor Gilbert Cameron. The East Wing was completed in 1849, followed by the West Wing later that year.
A significant setback occurred in 1850 when a structural collapse prompted a shift to fireproof construction methods. Despite this challenge, the exterior of the Castle was completed in 1852, and the interior work was finalized in 1855. The building was funded by the accrued interest on the Smithson bequest, a testament to the vision of the Institution's founders.
The 20th Century: Renovations and Modernization
The Smithsonian Castle underwent several renovations throughout the 20th century to preserve its structure and adapt to changing needs. In 1968, a major renovation introduced modern electrical systems, elevators, and climate control. This effort was part of a broader initiative to maintain the building's historical integrity while ensuring its functionality.
In 1987, the Enid A. Haupt Garden was dedicated, enhancing the Castle's surroundings and providing a serene space for visitors. The garden was complemented by the Renwick Gate, constructed from redstone salvaged from the demolished D.C. Jail. These additions highlighted the Castle's role as both a historical monument and a living part of the Smithsonian Institution.
The 21st Century: Preservation and Future Plans
In February 2023, the Smithsonian Castle closed for a planned five-year renovation. This project aims to restore many aspects of the building, including the removal of an upper floor of offices to return the Grand Hall to its original appearance. The renovation reflects the ongoing commitment to preserving the Castle's historical significance while preparing it for future generations.
The Castle's role as the administrative heart of the Smithsonian Institution continues to evolve. It houses the main visitor center, offering interactive displays and information about the Institution's vast collections. As the Castle undergoes its latest transformation, it remains a symbol of the Smithsonian's dedication to education, research, and public engagement.
