Young Adults Are Being Diagnosed with Glaucoma: What Are The Factor Behind It?

Glaucoma has long been considered a disease of old age, with one of the risk factors being age above 40 years. However, in recent years, healthcare providers have observed an increasing number of younger

adults being diagnosed with glaucoma, a group that traditionally would not have been considered high risk. This shift is raising questions about diagnosis, lifestyle, genetics, and the need for earlier screening.

We speak to Dr Chaitanya Vemu, Consultant Ophthalmologist, KIMS Hospitals Thane, who shares what glaucoma is and what is causing this eye disease among younger people.

Understanding Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a condition where the optic nerve – the critical structure that transmits visual information from the eye to the brain – is damaged due to an increase in eye pressure. Due to conditions which block the free flow of fluid in the eye, the most common form, primary open-angle glaucoma, is often linked to increased pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure). Over time, this increased pressure and optic nerve damage can lead to irreversible vision loss if not controlled. What makes glaucoma especially dangerous is its stealth; it usually has no symptoms, gradually robbing peripheral vision before central vision is affected.

Why is glaucoma being diagnosed among young adults?

Lifestyle and Screen Time

Modern lifestyles are increasingly dominated by prolonged use of digital devices. Extended screen time can contribute to eye strain, disturbed sleep patterns and stress, which may indirectly affect intraocular pressure. While screen use itself is not a direct cause of glaucoma, the related stress and increasing incidence of lifestyle diseases, and lack of routine eye check-ups among young adults increase the risk of early glaucoma and late detection.

Myopia (Nearsightedness)

Rates of myopia are rising globally, especially among younger populations. High myopia is a known risk factor for glaucoma because of changes in the shape and structure of the eye that make it more susceptible to optic nerve damage.

Genetic Predisposition

Family history plays a significant role. Young adults with a close relative who has glaucoma are at higher risk, underscoring the importance of genetic awareness and early screening for at-risk individuals.

Increased Awareness and Better Diagnostic Tools

Improved awareness among patients and advancements in eye care technology have made early diagnosis more feasible. Modern imaging tools like OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) and visual field testing allow clinicians to detect subtle changes much earlier than before.

The importance of Early Detection for Glaucoma

Because glaucoma progresses quietly, early detection is crucial. Once vision is lost due to glaucoma, it cannot be restored. Regular eye exams, especially for those with risk factors such as myopia, family history, diabetes, or lifestyle diseases, can ensure early intervention.

Managing Glaucoma in Young Adults

Treatment typically involves lowering intraocular pressure through medicated eye drops, laser therapy, or surgery. Management plans are tailored to their lifestyles, the need for long-term therapies and the progressive nature of the disease.

The trend of younger adults developing glaucoma reflects lifestyle changes, genetic susceptibilities, and improved diagnostic capabilities. Recognising risk factors and prioritising regular eye exams can prevent irreversible vision loss. Early detection isn’t just advisable – it’s essential.