As winter sets in, hospitals across India begin to notice a familiar pattern. Outpatient departments see a steady rise in patients complaining of nasal congestion, facial pressure, headaches and lingering
cold-like symptoms that refuse to subside. While these complaints are often dismissed as seasonal sniffles, doctors point to a more persistent culprit – sinusitis.
The condition, marked by inflammation of the sinus cavities, tends to flare up during colder months, driven by a combination of environmental changes and lifestyle habits unique to winter.
Why Sinus Infections Spike In Winter
Winter creates a near-perfect environment for sinus infections to thrive. Cold temperatures and dry air dry out the nasal lining, weakening its natural defence system. Add rising air pollution, increased smog exposure and a surge in viral respiratory infections, and the sinuses become especially vulnerable.
Studies suggest that nearly 10–15 per cent of adults experience sinusitis each year, with a noticeable seasonal spike during winter due to prolonged indoor exposure and reduced ventilation. According to Dr. Venkatesh B. C., Senior Consultant Pulmonology at SPARSH Hospital, Bengaluru, “Cold and dry air during winter dries out the nasal lining, reducing the efficiency of mucus in trapping dust, allergens and microorganisms. At the same time, rising air pollution irritates the airways and blocks sinus drainage pathways, making people – especially those with asthma, allergies or a history of sinus issues – more vulnerable during winter.”
How A Common Cold Turns Into Sinusitis
Sinusitis often begins as a routine viral cold. When nasal passages swell and mucus fails to drain properly, bacteria or viruses can multiply inside the sinus cavities. Left untreated, acute sinusitis can become recurrent or even chronic, significantly affecting daily life.
Dr. Animesh Arya, Director of Respiratory Medicine at Sri Balaji Action Medical Institute, Delhi, explains, “Persistent nasal blockage, facial pain, headache, thick nasal discharge, post-nasal drip, fatigue or a reduced sense of smell lasting more than a week should not be ignored. Recurrent sinus infections can disturb sleep, weaken immunity and reduce overall productivity. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment help prevent long-term complications.”
Who Is Most At Risk?
Clinical data from ENT and respiratory departments indicate that sinus-related outpatient visits rise by nearly 30–40 per cent during winter, particularly in urban areas with high pollution levels. Smokers, children, elderly individuals and those with existing respiratory conditions face a higher risk.
Managing And Treating Sinusitis
Treatment for sinusitis focuses on reducing inflammation, improving drainage and preventing recurrence. Doctors commonly recommend staying well hydrated, using steam inhalation, saline nasal rinses and protecting the face and nose from cold air. Limiting exposure to polluted environments is equally important.
Medication may be required in moderate to severe cases, depending on symptom duration and intensity. Dr. Nayeem Ahmed Siddiqui, Senior Consultant, ENT and Head & Neck Surgery at Apollo Spectra Hospital, Delhi, notes, “Recurrent infections indicate ongoing inflammatory stress. While sinusitis is not cancerous, chronic inflammation should never be ignored. Timely medical intervention and early symptom management help prevent complications and improve immune resilience.”
Experts stress the importance of prevention by maintaining good indoor air quality, using humidifiers if needed, wearing masks during high pollution days and seeking medical advice early. As winter sinusitis becomes increasingly common, recognising symptoms early and adopting preventive habits remain the most effective ways to avoid chronic health issues.
