Who Will Rule The World In 2075? Report Predicts World's Top 10 Economies After 50 Years

India’s economy continues to expand at a brisk pace, with the country now ranked as the world’s fourth-largest economy after overtaking Japan, according to several international assessments. With a gross domestic product estimated at about $4.18 trillion, economists say India could surpass Germany within the next two to three years to become the third-largest economy.

But where will India stand decades from now?

A long-term projection by Goldman Sachs, released earlier, attempts to answer that question by mapping the shape of the global economy in 2075. The report suggests that emerging economies in Asia and Africa will account for a growing share of global output, while some of today’s advanced economies may slip in the rankings as their populations

age and growth slows.

According to the projections, China is expected to retain the top position in 2075 with an estimated GDP of about $57 trillion. India is forecast to be close behind at $52.5 trillion, followed by the United States at around $51.5 trillion. Together, these three economies are projected to tower over the rest of the world.

Indonesia is expected to be ranked fourth with a GDP of $13.7 trillion, followed by Nigeria at $13.1 trillion and Pakistan at $12.3 trillion. Egypt is projected to take seventh place at $10.4 trillion, Brazil eighth at $8.7 trillion, Germany ninth at $8.1 trillion and Mexico tenth at $7.6 trillion. The report also indicates that the United Kingdom and Japan may fall back in the rankings, with projected GDPs of $7.6 trillion and $7.5 trillion respectively.

Goldman Sachs notes that demographic trends will play a decisive role. Countries with young and expanding populations, such as Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Egypt and Ethiopia, could see rapid economic gains if they pursue effective policies, strengthen governance and invest in sectors like education and health. In contrast, ageing societies such as Japan, Germany, the UK and France may experience slower growth.

For India, the projections point to a future in which its young workforce, technological advances and sustained policy reforms help it emerge as the world’s second-largest economy by 2075, only narrowly trailing China. Analysts say such growth could translate into more jobs, higher incomes and greater economic opportunity, though they also caution that long-term forecasts remain subject to change.

Goldman Sachs first issued these projections in 2022, and similar conclusions have been echoed in other international economic outlooks. However, economists stress that these figures are estimates and depend heavily on how global and domestic conditions evolve over the coming decades.