The Hidden Risks Of Lipstick Ingredients And Their Link To Lung Cancer

Lipstick is one of the most commonly used cosmetics worldwide, but beneath its glossy allure may lie hidden health concerns. Multiple studies and experts have raised alarms about the presence of toxic

heavy metals in certain lipsticks, highlighting long-term risks, including potential links to lung cancer.

Do Lipsticks Contain Heavy Metals?

According to Dr Geetanjali Patil, Consultant Pulmonologist, Ruby Hall Clinic, Wanowrie, research shows that many lipsticks contain carcinogenic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, beryllium, and thallium. “Studies have revealed that 96% of lipsticks tested contained lead, 51% cadmium, 90% beryllium, and 61% thallium. These metals can enter the body through skin absorption, accidental ingestion, or even inhalation,” she explains.

Dr. Kiran Tamkhane, Cancer Physician at M|O|C Thane, adds that global concerns about contamination are valid. “Lead is a probable human carcinogen and neurotoxin, while cadmium is a Group 1 human carcinogen strongly associated with lung, breast, and endometrial cancers after chronic exposure,” he notes.

Indian Studies and Findings

Indian research paints a mixed picture. Dr. Tamkhane highlights a Moradabad study that analysed 60 lipstick samples and detected lead (0.12–4.9 µg/g) and cadmium (3.48–46.38 µg/g). By contrast, a VIVA College, Virar study of five popular student brands found no detectable lead or cadmium, though other metals like copper, nickel, chromium, and zinc were present within permissible limits. Similarly, a Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) survey of 30 lipsticks reported chromium and nickel but no lead or cadmium.

“These findings suggest variability across brands and batches, reflecting gaps in regulatory oversight,” says Dr. Tamkhane.

Regulatory Standards & Gaps in India

India’s Drugs & Cosmetics Act and Rules prescribe limits for impurities in colouring agents: up to 20 ppm lead and up to 100 ppm for total heavy metals (other than lead). However, Dr. Tamkhane stresses that “there is no clearly defined limit for finished lipstick products for certain metals like cadmium. More importantly, enforcement is weak, and manufacturers are not required to disclose exact levels.”

This regulatory gap leaves consumers vulnerable to chronic, low-dose exposures, which, over years, may add to cumulative toxic load, especially in India where environmental exposures are already high.

Impact on Lung Health

Cadmium stands out as particularly harmful. Dr. Patil warns, “Cadmium is strongly linked to lung cancer and kidney damage. Inhalation or ingestion of heavy metals from lip products can trigger respiratory issues, including coughing and wheezing.”

Echoing this, Dr. Sulaiman Ladhani, Pulmonologist, Saifee Hospital, Mumbai, points out that while inhaling lipstick directly is unlikely to cause instant lung cancer, “Chronic absorption and accumulation of harmful substances over time can contribute to lung damage and increase susceptibility to cancers, including lung cancer.”

He emphasizes that the danger lies not in immediate toxicity but in cumulative exposure, “Continuous use increases cumulative risk. It is not limited to lung cancer but extends to other malignancies due to systemic absorption.”

Safer Choices for Consumers

So, what can consumers do? Dr. Patil suggests opting for safer alternatives: “Natural lipsticks made with ingredients like beeswax, coconut oil, and plant pigments are better. Certified organic or non-toxic brands, or even DIY options using beetroot powder and oils, can reduce risks.”

Dr. Ladhani agrees that the key lies in informed choices: “Safer, regulated, and verified cosmetic products should always be preferred over unmonitored, unregulated ones.”

The Bottom Line

While the quantities of heavy metals in most lipsticks may not cause acute toxicity, chronic use over years, combined with India’s high background exposure to pollutants, raises valid concerns. The cumulative effect of these metals—particularly cadmium and lead—can increase the risk of lung and other cancers. Stronger regulations, transparent testing, and conscious consumer choices are vital to balancing beauty with long-term health.