Most of us tend to overlook joint pain, whether it’s knee discomfort after a long walk, stiffness upon waking up, or an ache while climbing stairs. These symptoms are often dismissed as “age catching up”
or simple fatigue. However, in many cases, they are not random aches. They may be early warning signs of osteoarthritis (OA), the world’s most common joint disorder and an increasingly prevalent problem in India.
Dr Vaibhav Bagaria, Director, Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement at Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital, shares what you need to know.
Understanding Osteoarthritis Beyond Wear and Tear
Osteoarthritis is often simplified as a condition of wear and tear, but that is not the full picture. It is a progressive disease that primarily affects cartilage, but it also leads to changes in the underlying bone, mild inflammation, and altered joint mechanics. What many people don’t realise is that osteoarthritis often begins silently, sometimes years before any visible changes appear on X-rays.
Signs You Shouldn’t Miss
One of the earliest warning signs of osteoarthritis is pain that occurs during or after physical activity, most commonly in the knees or hips. In the early stages, this discomfort typically eases with rest and is therefore frequently overlooked.
Another common symptom is morning stiffness lasting less than 20–30 minutes, or stiffness after sitting for prolonged periods, something patients often describe as needing “a few steps to get going.” Many individuals also report a grating or creaking sensation, known as crepitus, when moving the affected joint.
Mild swelling and reduced flexibility may also occur. Everyday activities such as squatting, walking for extended periods, or climbing stairs may start to feel more difficult. While these changes may seem minor in isolation, together they can indicate early joint degeneration.
The Rising Incidence of Osteoarthritis in India
Osteoarthritis is being diagnosed at increasingly younger ages in India. Studies suggest that nearly 28–30% of Indians above the age of 40 show symptoms of knee osteoarthritis, and the numbers continue to rise. Factors such as weight gain, reduced physical activity, weak muscles, and previous joint injuries all contribute to this trend.
Occupations that involve prolonged standing, squatting, or heavy physical labour further increase the risk. Women are particularly susceptible, especially after menopause, due to hormonal changes and bone health factors.
Why Early Action Makes a Big Difference
Ignoring early symptoms allows osteoarthritis to progress quietly. The good news is that timely intervention can significantly slow its progression. Simple steps such as weight management, targeted strengthening exercises, activity modification, and early consultation with a doctor can delay disease advancement and reduce the likelihood of surgery for many years.
Joint pain should not be accepted as a “normal” part of life. If your joints are sending repeated warning signals, paying attention early can help preserve mobility, maintain independence, and improve quality of life for years to come.
/images/ppid_a911dc6a-image-176916244242593322.webp)
