What's Happening?
Satellite internet has become a critical infrastructure, as demonstrated by recent events in Iran and Ukraine. In January 2026, Iran imposed a nationwide internet blackout during mass protests, cutting off mobile data and broadband. SpaceX's Starlink
provided a temporary communication channel, but Iranian authorities used advanced jamming systems to disrupt the service. Meanwhile, in Ukraine, Russian forces reportedly used Starlink terminals on drones for military operations. SpaceX coordinated with Ukrainian officials to disable Starlink access on these drones. These incidents underscore the strategic importance of satellite internet and its vulnerability to state interference.
Why It's Important?
The events in Iran and Ukraine reveal the dual-use nature of satellite internet, serving both civilian and military purposes. This raises questions about the legal frameworks governing space, as current treaties do not address issues like radio-frequency jamming or cyber interference. The involvement of private companies like SpaceX in military conflicts highlights the need for updated legal norms and clearer guidelines on the use of commercial satellite systems. The U.S. military and international policymakers must consider integrating commercial space providers into operational planning and establishing norms to protect satellite infrastructure.
What's Next?
Future conflicts are likely to involve attacks on connectivity rather than territory, making satellite networks prime targets. The U.S. military may need to formalize the integration of commercial space providers into its operations and advocate for international agreements to prevent interference with satellite systems. Diplomatic efforts could focus on establishing binding norms against indiscriminate interference with satellite infrastructure, ensuring that commercial satellite systems remain reliable and secure.
Beyond the Headlines
The reliance on commercial satellite systems in military operations raises ethical and governance issues. Private companies now control infrastructure essential to both civil society and military operations, yet they operate in a legal vacuum. This situation calls for a reevaluation of the role of private actors in conflicts and the development of international standards to regulate their activities. The balance between commercial interests and national security needs to be carefully managed to prevent misuse and ensure accountability.
