China's Green Tech Expertise and Its Impact on the Global South

What's Happening?

China has emerged as a major partner for countries in the Global South, exporting over USD 72 billion in clean technologies such as solar, wind, and electric vehicles in 2024. These exports have significantly contributed to the renewable energy capacity in these regions. However, there is a growing call for China to not only export these technologies but also share the knowledge and expertise necessary for local manufacturing and innovation. China has responded by promoting educational exchanges and technical cooperation, but the complexity of technology transfer remains a challenge.

Why It's Important?

The transfer of green technology and knowledge from China to the Global South is crucial for sustainable development and energy independence in these regions. By moving beyond a trade-only relationship, countries in the Global South can develop their own manufacturing capabilities, leading to economic growth and reduced reliance on imports. This shift could also help address global sustainability challenges by enabling more countries to contribute to the clean energy transition. However, the success of such initiatives depends on the capacity of these countries to absorb and implement new technologies.

What's Next?

Countries in the Global South will need to develop policies and build human resource capacities to effectively absorb and utilize the technology and knowledge shared by China. Meanwhile, China may need to address export controls and incentivize its companies to engage in meaningful technology transfer. The outcome of these efforts will likely influence the pace and scale of the global clean energy transition, with potential implications for international trade and economic relations.

Beyond the Headlines

The ethical and strategic dimensions of technology transfer are significant, as they involve balancing national interests with global sustainability goals. The willingness of Chinese companies to share core technologies and the ability of Global South countries to leverage these opportunities will shape the future of international cooperation in clean energy.