What's Happening?
A study published in Cell has revealed that low-carbohydrate diets, while effective in reducing primary tumor growth, may paradoxically promote lung metastasis in cancer patients. The research, led by Wu et al., found that glucose restriction compels
tumor cells to secrete exosomal TRAIL, establishing an immunosuppressive pre-metastatic niche. This systemic mechanism actively promotes the colonization of distant organs, independent of primary tumor size. The study analyzed tumor gene expression from 2,514 patients across 22 cancer types, showing a higher rate of postoperative recurrence in tumors with low glucose metabolism signatures. In vivo experiments confirmed that low-carbohydrate diets enhance lung metastasis in murine models.
Why It's Important?
The findings challenge the current paradigm of using low-carbohydrate diets as a therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. While these diets can slow tumor proliferation, they may inadvertently increase the risk of metastasis, the leading cause of cancer mortality. This research highlights the need for caution in applying glucose restriction in cancer therapy and suggests the potential for developing strategies to mitigate the pro-metastatic effects. The study provides a mechanism-based approach to detect and neutralize these risks, offering insights for clinicians and researchers in optimizing cancer treatment protocols.
