What's Happening?
A recent report by NITI Aayog emphasizes the critical role of agriculture in India's development goals, particularly in achieving the 'Viksit Bharat' vision and net zero emissions. The report highlights that agriculture, which supports 46% of India's workforce
and contributes 14% to the Gross Value Added, is under threat from climate change, soil degradation, and water stress. It notes that agriculture is responsible for 14% of India's greenhouse gas emissions, primarily from methane and nitrous oxide. The report suggests that reducing agriculture's climate footprint is essential for balancing food security, farmer livelihoods, and climate goals. It advocates for a shift from water and energy-intensive crops like rice to climate-resilient millets, supported by initiatives like the Eat Right Movement and National Millet Mission.
Why It's Important?
The report's findings are significant as they underscore the need for a sustainable transformation in India's agricultural sector to meet both economic and environmental objectives. By reducing emissions and enhancing resilience, India can safeguard its food security and farmer incomes while contributing to global climate goals. The proposed shift to climate-resilient crops and natural farming practices could lead to increased farm incomes, reduced risks, and improved nutritional security. This transition is crucial for the rural economy, which is heavily reliant on agriculture, and for achieving broader socio-economic development goals.
What's Next?
The report suggests a phased and targeted approach to implementing these changes, ensuring that farmer incomes and food security are not compromised. It calls for integrated assessment modeling to support decision-making and navigate the complex interdependencies of climate, agriculture, and socio-economic systems. The focus will be on scaling natural farming in rain-fed areas, which cover a significant portion of India's agricultural land and support a large number of rural poor. The National Mission on Natural Farming will prioritize these regions to enhance productivity and resilience.
Beyond the Headlines
The report also highlights the potential for significant mitigation co-benefits through improved livestock management and crop diversification. By enhancing the productivity of livestock and shifting to high-value crops, India can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase farm profitability. This approach aligns with global efforts to address climate change while ensuring sustainable development. The emphasis on natural farming and climate-resilient practices reflects a broader shift towards sustainable agriculture that could serve as a model for other countries facing similar challenges.
