What's Happening?
Buddhism, a major world religion, is experiencing a decline in its global population, with a decrease from approximately 343 million in 2010 to 324 million in 2020, according to the Pew Research Center. This decline is attributed to low fertility rates in Buddhist-majority countries and increasing secularization in East Asia. Despite this, Buddhism remains concentrated in the Asia-Pacific region, particularly in countries like China, Thailand, and Japan. In the West, Buddhism is often perceived as a philosophy of peace and meditation, rather than an organized religion, which has led to its cultural expansion but also sparked debates over the commodification of traditional practices. Additionally, Buddhism's involvement in ethno-nationalist movements in countries like Myanmar and Sri Lanka challenges its global image as a religion of peace.
Why It's Important?
The decline and transformation of Buddhism have significant implications for cultural and religious landscapes globally. In regions where Buddhism is declining, there may be shifts in cultural practices and societal values. The Western perception of Buddhism as a 'spiritual but not religious' philosophy could lead to further cultural appropriation and the erosion of traditional practices. Moreover, the involvement of Buddhism in nationalist movements highlights the complex relationship between religion and politics, potentially affecting social cohesion and inter-religious relations in affected regions. These dynamics could influence global discussions on religious identity, cultural preservation, and the role of religion in modern society.
