What's Happening?
NHS England has commissioned a study to evaluate the effects of puberty-suppressing hormone treatments in children and young people experiencing gender incongruence. The 'Pathways trial', announced on November
22, 2025, will be conducted by researchers at King’s College London. It will involve 226 participants under the age of 16 who have been diagnosed with gender incongruence and are accessing gender services. The trial aims to assess the impact of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues on various outcomes, including quality of life, mental health, and physical health. Participants will be divided into two groups, with one group starting treatment immediately and the other after 12 months. The study follows a ban on puberty blockers in the UK due to insufficient evidence of their effects, as highlighted by the Cass review of gender identity services.
Why It's Important?
The study is significant as it addresses the ongoing debate over the use of puberty blockers in young people with gender dysphoria. The trial seeks to provide a robust evidence base to inform future healthcare policies and practices. The findings could impact legislative frameworks and healthcare guidelines, potentially influencing the availability and prescription of puberty blockers. This research is crucial for clinicians, families, and policymakers who are divided on the benefits and risks of such treatments. The trial could lead to more informed decisions regarding gender identity services and the management of gender dysphoria in youth.
What's Next?
The trial is set to begin in January 2026, with participants undergoing regular follow-ups for two years. After this period, annual follow-ups will continue throughout the study. The results of the trial could lead to changes in healthcare policies and practices concerning puberty blockers. Stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, policymakers, and advocacy groups, may respond to the findings, potentially influencing public opinion and legislative actions. The study could also prompt further research into gender identity treatments and their long-term effects.
Beyond the Headlines
The ethical implications of prescribing puberty blockers to young people are a critical aspect of this study. The trial addresses concerns about the potential negative effects of these treatments, as highlighted by previous reviews. It also considers the passionate beliefs of some clinicians and families regarding the benefits of puberty blockers. The study could contribute to a broader understanding of gender identity issues and the complexities involved in treating gender dysphoria. It may also influence cultural perceptions and acceptance of gender diversity.
