What's Happening?
Researchers have reconstructed the mitochondrial genomes of Schöningen horses, an extinct species, from bones found in Germany. These horses, dating back 300,000 years, were discovered alongside wooden spears, the oldest complete hunting weapons known.
The study, led by Cosimo Posth, reveals that these horses belong to a maternal line leading to modern horses. The DNA recovery from open air sites marks a milestone in ancient DNA research, expanding possibilities for genetic studies outside caves or permafrost.
Why It's Important?
The genetic analysis of Schöningen horses provides crucial information about the evolutionary history of the Equus family. The findings suggest a deeper maternal lineage connection to modern horses, offering insights into horse migration and population dynamics across continents. This research underscores the potential of ancient DNA to enhance archaeological understanding, particularly in reconstructing the interactions between early humans and their environment. The study also demonstrates the viability of recovering ancient DNA from challenging open air sites, broadening the scope of genetic archaeology.
