What's Happening?
A systematic review has examined the potential for mouthwash use to induce antimicrobial resistance in the oral microbiome. The review analyzed 12 studies, including in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo research, assessing the impact of various mouthwashes
like chlorhexidine digluconate and hydrogen peroxide on resistance genes and microbial alterations. The findings indicate an increase in minimum inhibitory concentrations of oral bacteria and the presence of resistance genes, suggesting a potential rise in antimicrobial resistance. However, due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a meta-analysis was not conducted. The review calls for cautious interpretation of the results and highlights the need for further research to understand the mechanisms behind these changes.
Why It's Important?
The potential link between mouthwash use and antimicrobial resistance is significant given the global health challenge posed by antimicrobial resistance. If mouthwash contributes to resistance, it could complicate efforts to manage oral health and infections. This review suggests that commonly used oral hygiene products might inadvertently contribute to a broader public health issue, emphasizing the need for evidence-based guidelines on mouthwash use. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate resistance and ensure the continued effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments.
What's Next?
Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore the mechanisms by which mouthwash may induce antimicrobial resistance and to establish evidence-based guidelines for its use. Research should focus on distinguishing between different types of mouthwashes and their specific impacts on the oral microbiome. This could lead to the development of safer oral hygiene products and inform public health recommendations.
