Why Is Fast Charging Slower in Winter for EVs? Explained

As a new EV owner, it may come as a surprise that charging your vehicle from a fast charger starts taking longer during the winter months. The phenomenon can confuse and also raise questions on the EV's charging capability, however, this effect has more to do with the cold temperature and your EV's battery chemistry. Here's a quick explainer on why it happens and what you need to do.

Also Read: Here's Why Tyre Pressure Can Drop Overnight in Winter

The primary reason for this drop in fast charging speed is how commonly used lithium-ion batteries function at lower temperatures. When the temperature drops, the chemical reactions within the battery become less efficient. This inefficiency results in slower charging rates and can also impact the overall

EV range.

In colder climates, the lithium-ion batteries commonly used in EVs can struggle to maintain their performance. The internal resistance of the battery increases, meaning that it takes longer for the battery to absorb the energy/charge. This phenomenon becomes more prominent when attempting to fast charge, as the EV's charging system may automatically reduce the power supplied to the battery to prevent damage.

Furthermore, EVs may also face challenges related to the charging infrastructure. Many charging stations may not be adequately equipped to handle extreme weather conditions, which could lead to further delays in charging times. EV owners are advised to seek out charging stations known for their reliability, especially during the winter months.

To mitigate the effects of slower charging during winter, EV owners should consider implementing specific maintenance practices. Regular checks on the battery's health, ensuring that the charging system is functioning correctly, and preconditioning the battery before charging can significantly enhance charging efficiency. Additionally, keeping the vehicle in a warmer environment, such as a garage, can help maintain battery performance.

While there is a probability for EV owners to experience fast charging hiccups during winter, some drivers may experience standard performance as usual. This is because if you have installed a fast charger at your home or use public fast-chargers that are stationed in covered and temperature controlled areas such as shopping malls, then both the charging unit and the vehicle will perform optimally, giving you the expected charge time and result.