Lactose and Digestion
Lactose intolerance stems from the body's struggle to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. This sugar requires lactase, an enzyme produced
in the small intestine, to break it down. When lactase is insufficient, lactose isn't fully digested, leading to digestive issues. This inability to digest lactose is the root of the problem and the reason why individuals experience various symptoms following dairy consumption.
Lactase Enzyme's Role
The lactase enzyme is crucial for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose, simpler sugars that the body can absorb. Lactase activity typically peaks in infancy and gradually declines throughout childhood and adulthood. This natural decline in lactase production is a primary cause of lactose intolerance. However, other factors can also reduce lactase levels and trigger the onset of lactose intolerance.
Causes of Intolerance
Several factors can contribute to developing lactose intolerance. Age is a significant factor, as lactase production often decreases with age. Genetics also play a role; some ethnic groups are more prone to lactose intolerance. Additionally, certain gastrointestinal issues, such as infections or inflammation, can damage the small intestine, impairing lactase production. Other medical conditions and some medications may also contribute.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
The symptoms of lactose intolerance vary among individuals but commonly include bloating, gas, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps after consuming dairy products. The severity of symptoms depends on how much lactose is consumed and the level of lactase deficiency. Diagnosis typically involves a lactose tolerance test, which measures blood glucose levels after consuming lactose. Alternatively, a hydrogen breath test can detect undigested lactose in the gut.
Dietary Strategies
Managing lactose intolerance involves adjusting dietary habits. Many people can tolerate small amounts of lactose, such as in aged cheeses or yogurt, because the lactose has been partially broken down. Lactose-free milk and other dairy alternatives are available. Lactase supplements, taken before consuming dairy, can aid in digestion. Carefully reading food labels helps avoid hidden sources of lactose, such as in processed foods and some medications.
