Western Sahara: Historical and Ongoing Territorial Dispute

What's Happening?

Western Sahara, an arid region in North Africa, is divided between Moroccan control and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), led by the Polisario Front. The territory, formerly a Spanish colony, has been contested since Morocco's annexation in 1975. The Polisario Front, advocating for Sahrawi independence, declared the SADR in 1976. Despite a UN ceasefire in 1991, a referendum on independence has not been held. The region is economically significant due to its phosphate deposits and potential offshore oil reserves. The conflict remains unresolved, with Morocco maintaining military control over most of the territory.

Why It's Important?

The Western Sahara conflict has broader geopolitical implications, affecting regional stability and international diplomatic relations. The area's natural resources, including phosphates and potential oil reserves, are economically valuable, influencing the interests of various countries. The dispute also highlights issues of self-determination and international law, as the Sahrawi people seek independence. The conflict impacts Morocco's relations with neighboring Algeria, which supports the Polisario Front, and affects Morocco's diplomatic standing within the African Union and beyond.