What's Happening?
A study conducted by the World Bank, in collaboration with the Centre for Bhutan Studies, GNH Research, and the National Statistics Bureau of Bhutan, reveals a significant migration trend from Bhutan to Australia. This migration is reshaping Bhutan's society and economy, with a notable increase in the number of Bhutanese citizens moving to Australia for education and employment opportunities. The report highlights that monthly departures from Paro International Airport have surged from fewer than 500 before the pandemic to over 5,000 in early 2023. By 2024, the Bhutanese population in Australia had more than doubled compared to 2020, exceeding 25,000, with over 13,400 Bhutanese students enrolled in Australian universities within the first nine months of the year.
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Why It's Important?
The migration trend is significant as it involves a highly educated segment of Bhutan's population, with more than half of the migrants holding university degrees. This exodus includes a substantial number of civil servants, particularly teachers and health workers, raising concerns about a potential brain drain that could weaken Bhutan's social services. The migration is driven by the lure of better opportunities abroad and frustrations with Bhutan's domestic labor market. The economic disparity between Bhutan and Australia is a major factor, with migrants earning significantly higher incomes in Australia. However, many find themselves in low-skilled roles abroad, which raises questions about the long-term benefits of this migration for Bhutan.
What's Next?
The report suggests that Bhutan should focus on managing migration wisely rather than attempting to stop it. Recommendations include diversifying Bhutan's economy, improving job quality, and reforming civil service careers to retain skilled workers. Additionally, Bhutan should reduce migration costs by expanding training programs and negotiating labor agreements. Engaging the diaspora strategically and ensuring smooth reintegration for returnees are also emphasized. The challenge for Bhutan is to transform this migration into an engine of growth rather than a source of decline.
Beyond the Headlines
The migration trend reflects broader global patterns in developing countries, where migration is seen as a pathway to better opportunities. Bhutan's situation underscores the need for strategic management of migration to harness its benefits, such as remittances, which have become a vital economic lifeline. The report highlights the importance of recognizing foreign qualifications and engaging the diaspora to support Bhutan's development goals.
