In India’s bustling cities and quiet rural villages alike, the gentle hum of bees and the flutter of butterflies are more than just pleasant sounds—they are signs of a healthy ecosystem. Yet, pollinators
are under increasing threat, and the consequences could be dire. From our food security to our cultural heritage, pollinator-friendly plants are becoming essential for sustaining both the environment and everyday life in India.
Crucial role of pollinators
Pollinators—bees, butterflies, moths, birds, and even bats—play a vital role in agriculture. They transfer pollen from one flower to another, enabling the reproduction of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Globally, it is estimated that nearly 75% of food crops depend on pollinators. In India, that includes staples and favorites like mangoes, cardamom, mustard, cucumbers, guavas, and chillies.
Without pollinators, these crops would see drastic reductions in yield and quality. Farmers would struggle to maintain production, food prices would rise, and diets would become less diverse. For a country where agriculture employs more than 40% of the workforce and feeds 1.4 billion people, the importance of pollinator health cannot be overstated.
Threats to pollinators
Unfortunately, pollinators are in decline worldwide, and India is no exception. Rapid urbanization has reduced green spaces. Pesticide use, particularly neonicotinoids, harms bees and butterflies. Climate change disrupts flowering seasons, making it harder for pollinators to find food.
In cities like Delhi and Mumbai, shrinking gardens and paved landscapes leave little habitat for pollinators. In rural areas, monoculture farming reduces the diversity of flowering plants, leaving pollinators without the variety of nectar and pollen they need.
Why pollinator-friendly plants matter
Introducing pollinator-friendly plants into gardens, balconies, farms, and public spaces offers a simple but powerful solution. These plants provide nectar and pollen throughout the year, offering food and shelter to pollinators. In return, they enhance crop yields, boost biodiversity, and restore ecological balance.
Easy-to-grow pollinator-friendly plants
The good news is that supporting pollinators doesn’t require special expertise or large spaces. Even a few pots on a balcony can make a difference. Here are some easy-to-grow options well-suited to Indian conditions:
Sunflowers (Surajmukhi)
