Air Purifiers Largely Untested on Humans, Raising Safety Concerns

What's Happening?

A comprehensive review of nearly 700 studies, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, reveals that most portable air purifiers, designed to curb the spread of indoor infections, have not been tested for their effectiveness on humans. The review, conducted by researchers from three academic institutions and two government science agencies, found that only about 8% of the studies evaluated the devices' effectiveness in reducing infections in people. The majority of the studies tested the devices in unoccupied spaces or used animals. Technologies such as HEPA filters, ultraviolet light, and special ventilation designs are intended to clean indoor air and prevent the spread of viruses like COVID-19 and influenza. However, the review highlights a significant gap in testing these technologies on humans, raising questions about their real-world efficacy and safety.

Why It's Important?

The findings underscore a critical gap between the marketing claims of air purifier manufacturers and the scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness. During the COVID-19 pandemic, improving indoor air quality became a priority to prevent virus transmission. However, without solid evidence from human studies, it remains unclear whether these devices deliver on their promises. Moreover, some air purifiers produce chemicals like ozone and formaldehyde, which can be harmful if inhaled. The lack of safety testing for these byproducts poses potential health risks. As these devices are marketed for use in schools, healthcare facilities, and workplaces, ensuring their safety and efficacy is crucial for public health and economic stability, especially in the event of future pandemics.

What's Next?

To bridge the gap between marketing claims and scientific evidence, further research is needed to evaluate air purifiers in real-world settings involving human participants. Standardizing the measurement of effectiveness and potential harms will be essential to inform evidence-based decisions about indoor air quality improvements. This research could guide consumers in making informed choices and help regulatory bodies establish safety standards for air purifiers. As the demand for these devices grows, particularly in public spaces, ensuring their safety and efficacy will be vital to protect public health.