Defining Wet Droughts
The Indian government does not have a formal definition of a "wet drought" in the same way it does for other types of droughts. The term 'wet drought'
is used to describe a situation where, despite heavy or continuous rainfall, there are significant issues, like agricultural damage or flooding. The declaration of a natural calamity is primarily focused on the impacts that the rainfall causes. The process begins when specific triggers are activated, indicating the severity of the situation, and the nature of the impacts on the local populations. Unlike other types of natural disasters, wet droughts are assessed based on the resulting harm rather than rainfall amounts.
Triggers for Declaration
The triggers that lead the government to announce a situation as a natural calamity due to continuous heavy rainfall are primarily impact-based. The government considers the adverse effects of excessive rainfall, such as damage to crops, infrastructure, and, more critically, the well-being of the people. There are specific thresholds for this, however, they are primarily determined on a case-by-case basis as the severity varies across different regions and the unique local conditions. The evaluation frequently considers the damage extent, its impact on livelihoods, and any resulting displacement or hardship. The decision to declare a wet drought is usually made after assessments by the concerned authorities.
The Declaration Process
The official declaration process begins with the initial assessment of the situation. This is usually done by local government officials, disaster management teams, and agricultural experts. They collect data on the damage caused, its impact on the population, and any immediate needs. Then, a detailed report is prepared and forwarded to higher authorities, which include state and central government departments. The decision to declare a wet drought as a natural calamity is generally made at the state level first. Once a declaration is made, the state then formally requests aid and assistance from the central government. The central government assesses the request, verifies the damages, and then decides on the amount and type of aid to be provided based on existing disaster relief protocols.
Aid and Concessions
When a natural calamity is announced due to continuous rainfall, several forms of aid and concessions are immediately triggered. These include financial assistance to affected individuals and families, often in the form of direct cash transfers or compensation. Agricultural relief is also a priority, with compensation offered to farmers whose crops have been destroyed or damaged. The government might also provide subsidies or waivers on loans. Additionally, infrastructure support, such as the repair and reconstruction of damaged roads, bridges, and other essential public facilities, are available. The overall focus is on immediate relief, followed by long-term rehabilitation and rebuilding efforts to help affected populations recover and regain normalcy.
Second Trigger Actions
The 'second trigger' mentioned in the context likely refers to a subsequent evaluation phase or a follow-up assessment after an initial declaration. After the primary declaration of a natural calamity is made, the government usually conducts a more detailed assessment of the situation. This might involve more comprehensive damage assessment, verification of aid distribution, and identification of any additional needs. The government might then provide further assistance, initiate long-term rehabilitation and reconstruction projects, or introduce specific policies aimed at mitigating future risks. The actions triggered by the second assessment stage are customized to address specific needs and challenges faced by the affected areas and populations.
